MySQL数据库备份
常见的两种MySQL备份方法：
mysqldump
优点：
- 生成含有SQL命令的文本文件。
- 兼容性最好，适合数据库迁移。
缺点：
- 速度较慢。
使用方法:
# mysqldump -u root -p databasename > backup.sql
databasename为想要备份的数据库名称，backup.sql即生成备份文件的名称。如果要备份所有的数据库：
# mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > backup.sql
虽然mysqldump在备份每个数据库中的表之前，都把表加上读操作锁，防止备份过程中表被修改，但是如果A、B两个表有关联，备份B表的时候，A表有可能被修改，这样关联就被破坏，所以，最稳妥的方法是加上--lock-all-tables这个参数：
# mysqldump -u root -p --lock-all-tables databasename > backup.sql
mysqlhotcopy
优点：
- 速度较快。
缺点：
- 只适合备份MyISAM数据表。
使用方法：
# mysqlhotcopy databasename backup/
这个命令直接在backup目录下生成以databasename为名字的子目录，数据库被复制到这个子目录下，恢复的时候，只要copy回MySQL的数据库文件根目录就可以了。
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